AWARENESS, RISK FACTORS, PERCEIVED EFFECTS, AND LIFESTYLE PRACTICES RELATED TO GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN IN HEALTH CARE SETTING

Abstract

Background: Higher use of preventive measures has been associated with the low incidence of harmful effects of GDM 
(gestational diabetes mellitus) which is attained via strong education and GDM exposure from workshops, conferences, 
and awareness campaigns. Existing literature data is scarce on awareness of antenatal females concerning GDM, both 
with or without GDM. 
Aim: The present study was aimed to evaluate the awareness, risk factors, perceived effects, and lifestyle practices related 
to gestational diabetes mellitus among pregnant women in an Indian health care setting. 
Methods: The present study assessed 488 antenatal females that visited the Institute within the defined study period with 
a self-administered questionnaire comprising of 5 sections focusing on demographics, GDM awareness, risk factors, its 
effects on pregnancy, and lifestyle modifications to prevent GDM. Data were assessed statistically to assess association 
in GDM awareness level and educational background. 
Results: Among 488 subjects that had awareness for GDM, 89.6% (n=424) subjects had an understanding concerning 
what is GDM, risk factors of GDM were known to 89.6% (n=424) subjects, 93% (n=454) subjects were aware of its 
effects, and 78% (n=382) knew of lifestyle interventions. Despite positive responses, there were disparities in awareness 
level for each of the variable. A significant association was seen in awareness level of GDM and educational background 
of subjects with <0.0001. 
Conclusion: The present study concludes that majority of antenatal females are aware of gestational diabetes mellitus, 
its effects, risk factors, and lifestyle interventions with variable degree and level. Effects of GDM on pregnancy and its 
risk factors are known to >50% of the antenatal females. Professional medical visits and regular health checkups are most 
vital lifestyle changes to prevent GDM. A significant association exist in awareness level of GDM and education in 
antenatal females. Hence, it is vital to incorporate policies to favor female education which strongly govern disease 
condition awareness.