PHYSICO-CHEMICAL AND PHYTOCHEMICAL EVALUATION OF ACORUS CALAMUS.LINN – BEFORE AND AFTER PURIFICATION

Abstract

Introduction: The rhizome of Acorus calamus. Linn is an emergent aquatic macrophyte
admired for its medicinal properties due to its bioactive components. AC naturally containing
β-asarone and α-asarone, has been researched for many pharmacological benefits while
consumed in high doses or over extended periods can cause toxic effects. AC is highly valued
in Siddha medicine for its role in treating children's health issues as an ingredient in polyherbal
formulations.
Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the physicochemical and phytochemical analysis
before and after purification and highlights the importance of the purification process of AC
rhizome.
Materials and methods: AC rhizome was subjected to the Siddha purification procedure and
a sample was collected. The physicochemical parameters such as loss on drying at 105°C, total
ash, acid insoluble ash, water, and alcohol soluble extractive values before and after
purification were measured according to PLIM guidelines. The phytochemical studies aim to

evaluate the changes in chemical composition that take place in three stages of the purification
process: before (sample A), intermediate (sample B), and after purification (sample C) of AC
using a Shimadzu GC 2010 plus gas chromatograph equipped with MS operating in electronic
ionization mode.
Results: The physicochemical results determine the purity and quality of the purified sample.
The phytochemical analysis showed that the fraction of harmful substances like asarone
decreased and beneficial components were enhanced following purification.
Conclusion: This study concludes by comparing the results of both analyses before and after
purification unequivocally underscoring the significance of the AC purification process.