Phyto-fabricated Silver Nanoparticles for Antibacterial and Anticancer Activities: A Review

Abstract

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using plant-based materials has gained significant attention in recent years due to its eco-friendly, cost-effective, and sustainable approach. This review explores the recent advancements in the phyto-fabrication of AgNPs, highlighting their potential applications in antibacterial and anticancer therapies. Plant extracts serve as natural reducing and stabilizing agents, leading to the formation of nanoparticles with enhanced biological properties. The antibacterial activity of these nanoparticles is attributed to their ability to disrupt microbial membranes, generate reactive oxygen species, and interfere with cellular functions. In the context of cancer treatment, phyto-synthesized AgNPs have shown promising results in inducing apoptosis, inhibiting tumor growth, and enhancing drug delivery. This review consolidates findings from recent studies to provide a comprehensive understanding of the synthesis methods, characterization techniques, and therapeutic mechanisms of action, along with discussing current challenges and future perspectives in clinical translation.