PHARMACISTS’ KNOWLEDGE, SELF-EFFICACY, AND PROVISION OF HEALTH PROMOTION PRACTICES IN YOGYAKARTA, INDONESIA

Abstract

The rising demand in health promotion services has become a good opportunity for pharmacists. In many developing countries, including Indonesia, 
the role of pharmacists in this field has not been widely known. The objective of this study was to explore the knowledge, self-efficacy, and provision 
of health promotion, as well as its association in Yogyakarta province, Indonesia. A cross-sectional survey was used. A validated questionnaire consisted 
of socio-demographic section, 15 items knowledge, 9 items self-efficacy using 4-point Likert scale was delivered to the pharmacists who attended a 
monthly continuous education held by Indonesian Pharmacist Association, on June 2017. Data were analyzed descriptively and bivariate to see the 
association between variables.  Of total 224 respondents (89 % response rate), most of them were aged 23-29 years old (48%), female (90%), working 
experience 1-5 years (47%), and monthly income of 2-3 million IDR (50.81%). Approximately 77.42% pharmacists presented good knowledge and 
71.77% of them presented high self-efficacy in health promotion services. Almost all of the respondents (88%) provided the health promotion, including 
patient education on drug use, smoking cessation counseling, and disease prevention. There was an association between knowledge, self-efficacy, and 
health promotion practices (p <0.001). Pharmacists with higher level of knowledge and positive self-efficacy were more likely to provide health 
promotion services. A vast majority of pharmacists provided health promotion activities. Further studies are urgently needed to address the challenges 
in providing health promotion services and extend the varieties of the service provided.