ASSOCIATION OF SERUM VITAMIN D LEVELS WITH INSULIN RESISTANCE, DYSLIPIDEMIA, AND GLYCEMIC CONTROL IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

Abstract

Background: Vitamin D deficiency is common among individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus
(T2DM) and has been implicated in impaired insulin sensitivity and adverse cardiometabolic profiles.
However, the relationship between vitamin D status, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and glycemic
control remains incompletely defined, particularly in Indian populations.
Objective: To assess the association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels with insulin
resistance, lipid abnormalities, and glycemic control among patients with T2DM.
Materials and Methods: This hospital-based cross-sectional study included 180 adults with T2DM
attending the Department of Medicine of a tertiary-care teaching hospital in Central India. Demographic
and clinical characteristics were recorded, and anthropometric measurements were obtained. Fasting
plasma glucose (FPG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting serum insulin, lipid profile, and serum
25(OH)D were measured. Insulin resistance was estimated using the homeostatic model assessment of
insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Participants were categorized as vitamin D deficient (<20 ng/mL),
insufficient (20–29.9 ng/mL), or sufficient (≥30 ng/mL). Associations were evaluated using appropriate
statistical tests, correlation analysis, and multivariable regression.