CLINICAL AND HEMATOLOGICAL PROFILE OF PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH GLYCEMIC CONTROL: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

Abstract

Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder associated with persistent hyperglycemia, 
insulin resistance, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, and chronic low-grade inflammation. 
Aim: To evaluate the clinical and hematological profile of patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and determine its 
association with glycemic control. 
Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional observational study was conducted among 350 patients diagnosed with T2DM 
over a period of one year in the Department of Medicine of a tertiary care teaching hospital. Demographic characteristics, 
duration of diabetes, body mass index, blood pressure, and relevant clinical history were recorded. Hematological 
parameters including hemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), total white blood cell (WBC) count, 
platelet count, and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were assessed using an automated hematology analyzer. HbA1c 
estimation was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography. Patients were categorized into well-controlled 
diabetes (HbA1c <7%) and poorly controlled diabetes (HbA1c ≥7%). Statistical analysis was performed using 
independent sample t-test, Chi-square test, and Pearson correlation coefficient. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered 
statistically significant. 
Results: Out of 350 participants, 218 (62.3%) had poor glycemic control. Patients with poor glycemic control had 
significantly higher age, duration of diabetes, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure. 
Mean hemoglobin concentration and MCV were significantly lower in poorly controlled diabetics, whereas WBC count, 
platelet count, and NLR were significantly elevated. HbA1c demonstrated a negative correlation with hemoglobin and 
MCV, while positive correlations were observed with WBC count, platelet count, and NLR. 
Conclusion: Poor glycemic control in patients with T2DM is associated with significant clinical and hematological 
alterations. Routine hematological parameters may provide useful supportive information regarding inflammatory burden 
and systemic involvement among diabetic patients.