EVALUATION OF LOWER GASTROINTESTINAL BLEEDING

Abstract

Background: Hospitalization is frequently caused by lower gastrointestinal bleeding, a disorder that is frequently described 
in clinical practice. In hospitals, lower gastrointestinal bleeding plays a crucial role in predicting mortality and morbidity, 
especially in older patients.  
Aim: The objective is to evaluate the necessity for blood transfusions, clinical evaluation, and different causes of lower 
gastrointestinal bleeding in patients hospitalized to a tertiary healthcare facility in India. 
Methods: Of the 494 patients evaluated in the study, 412 were retrospective and 82 were prospective. In retrospective 
circumstances, the necessary facts and information were gathered from the records. Data collection and administration were 
carried out in potential cases.  
Results: Of the subjects, 56.07% (n=277) were over 40. Hemorrhoids were the most prevalent pathology on colonoscopy, 
occurring in 30.76% (n=152) of the participants. Anorectal and colonic growth were observed in 15.18% (n=75) and 9.71% 
(n=48) of the individuals, respectively. 13.96% (n=69), 4.85% (n=24), and 3.84% (n=19) of the participants had inflammatory 
lesions, colonic polyps, and rectal polyps, respectively. Males and females had mean hemoglobin levels of 10.62±3.77 and 
10.81±3.67 g/dl, respectively.  
Conclusions: The current study finds that hemorrhoids are the most frequent cause of lower gastrointestinal bleeding, 
followed by anorectal growth, with colonoscopy being the initial and most popular test for evaluation. Only a small number 
of patients with lower GI bleeding require blood transfusions.