An Experimental Comparative Study on Nanoemulsions Versus Conventional Emulsions for Transdermal Drug Delivery: Detailed Physicochemical Characterization and In Vitro Skin Penetration Analysis

Abstract

Transdermal drug delivery offers controlled systemic delivery and avoids first-pass metabolism, but
the skin’s stratum corneum presents a major barrier that limits drug permeation. Conventional
emulsions are commonly used as topical carriers, yet they often exhibit limited skin penetration due to
larger droplet size and poor thermodynamic stability