Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction: Incidence and Predictors in Elderly Patients Under General Anaesthesia

Abstract

Aim: To ascertain the prevalence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) and identify its predictors in elderly patients undergoing surgery under general anaesthesia.

Methodology: A prospective observational study was performed from January 2023 to December 2024 involving elderly patients undergoing surgery with general anaesthesia. Cognitive function was evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively utilising standardised instruments, while potential predictors, including age, comorbidities, type and duration of surgery, and anaesthesia specifics, were documented. The incidence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) was computed, and statistical analysis was conducted to ascertain significant predictors.

Results: In the examined cohort, X% of patients manifested POCD. Individuals over 70 years of age, undergoing extended surgical procedures, and possessing comorbid conditions exhibited a significantly elevated risk of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (p<0.05). Early detection and monitoring facilitated prompt intervention in affected patients.

Conclusion: POCD is a prevalent complication in elderly patients undergoing general anaesthesia, with advanced age, extended surgical duration, and comorbidities identified as significant predictors. Preoperative evaluation and perioperative interventions can mitigate cognitive deterioration and enhance postoperative results.