Wearable Biosensors in Continuous Glucose Monitoring: Real-world Applications in Type 2 Diabetes

Abstract

Aim
To explore the development and impact of wearable biosensors for continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in diabetes management, with a focus on technological advancements, accuracy, user comfort, and integration with digital health tools.

Methodology
The overview considers the evolution of CGM devices from invasive and minimally invasive methods to modern, fully non-invasive technologies. It examines sensing mechanisms such as optical, spectroscopy-based, and electrochemical techniques, as well as the integration of wireless connectivity and artificial intelligence for personalised monitoring, predictive analytics, and seamless data sharing with healthcare providers.

Results
Wearable biosensors have emerged as a game-changer in diabetes care by providing accurate, non-invasive, and real-time glucose tracking, enabling continuous visibility into glycaemic patterns. Advancements in design have improved accuracy, comfort, and usability, while connectivity features have enhanced patient engagement and facilitated clinical decision-making. However, challenges remain in areas such as device cost, accessibility, calibration requirements, and ensuring long-term patient adherence.

Conclusion
With continued progress in wearable technology, materials science, and sensor miniaturisation, current limitations are expected to diminish. These advancements will likely lead to broader adoption of CGM devices, offering improved diabetes management outcomes and a higher quality of life for patients.