Improving Induction Safety: Effect of Fentanyl Timing on Propofol Dose and Hemodynamic Outcomes: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Abstract

Background and Aim: Propofol is a widely used intravenous induction agent known for its
rapid onset and smooth recovery. However, its use is often associated with hypotension and
apnea, especially at higher doses. Opioids like fentanyl are frequently used as adjuncts to reduce
the propofol requirement and attenuate hemodynamic fluctuations. This study aimed to evaluate
the effect of varying time intervals between fentanyl and propofol administration on the dose of
propofol required for induction and the associated hemodynamic outcomes.